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Mild Weather and LNG Availability Helping European Gas Outlook, but Policy Uncertainty Looms

By: Harry Altham, Energy Analyst, Market Analysis EMEA & Asia

Mild Weather and LNG Availability Helping European Gas Outlook, but Policy Uncertainty Looms
 
Harry Altham
Energy Analyst, EMEA & Asia

The oil benchmarks have eased their way down at the start of this week, as concerns mount over China’s road to economic recovery following a series of COVID-induced lockdowns this year. Chinese manufacturing PMI declined during the month of October, recording 49.2 versus an estimate of 49.8; renewed restrictions on movement, such as the one seen in the city of Zhengzhou, plus the impact of the Communist Party Congress in Beijing, is thought to have dampened the numbers beyond initial expectations. As a result, a survey undertaken by Bloomberg estimates that Saudi Aramco may reduce the premium to Oman/Dubai to $5.50/bbl for Asia delivery in December, as traders expect weaker than expected demand from the region. With Arab Light currently trading around the $95/bbl mark (within what we believe is an acceptable level for some of its members), it is currently unclear whether OPEC+ will announce a further cut to production for December at this week’s meeting of delegates. We are also expecting OPEC+’s annual outlook at 12:30 GMT, in which we expect to gain a comprehensive understanding of the group’s interpretation of the supply and demand dynamics currently present in oil markets. 

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Source: Bloomberg
Amid a String of Successes, Markets Worry About Resurgent Demand for Gas
As we enter the coldest months in the Northern Hemisphere, uncertainties in the European gas market are once again growing. Dutch TTF prices had fallen by 30% in the month of October due to the high availability of LNG cargoes and unseasonably warm weather in Europe, leading to E.U.-wide inventories rising close to 95% of capacity. Of the countries with publicly available statistics, only Latvia and Hungary have not reached 90% storage utilisation in the European Union (the latter is expected to receive gas throughout the winter due to agreements reached with Russia and the close relationship between their governments). Nonetheless, European natural gas prices jumped by 20% on Friday, as concerns mounted over the European Union’s gas price strategy and the possible consequences for continent-wide gas demand. The E.U. Commission has proposed an upper limit on gas prices using a dynamic pricing mechanism, but such a strategy raises fears of excess consumption at a time where gas supply into Europe is constrained by infrastructural and geopolitical factors. 
The Dutch TTF December contract, which closely correlates with spot prices in Northwest Europe, has fallen to €134/MWh today from highs of €146/MWh on Friday. Easing spot prices in October had been premised on the E.U. adhering to a plan to reduce gas consumption by 15% y/y – a target that the proposed pricing mechanism would considerably challenge.
It remains the case that gas imports from Russia are expected to be between 5%-10% of 2021 levels; 37mcm/d net flowed into Europe yesterday versus 490mcm/d last year (including LNG cargoes); yesterday’s total factors in the 15mcm/d flowing back into Ukraine from Slovakia and Poland via the VIP PL-UA and Budince pipelines. With Chinese implied gas demand down by 3.3% m/m in September (and likely to be lower still in October), LNG availability has been so strong that there is now a backlog in European ports, which are currently under-capacitated to import sufficient gas to replace that which is lost from Russia. The backlog has caused a significant steepening of the contango structure in Dutch TTF; the 3rd / 4th spread has more than doubled (€2.10 on 30th September versus €4.72 today).
The Met Office has released a report stating that there is a 25% chance that this winter will be colder than usual due to the effects of La Nina, versus a 15% chance of a mild winter. Should this materialise by mid-November, we believe the contango structure could be vulnerable to switching into backwardation as was the case in 2021 – storage tanks will be able to handle greater inflows of gas once seasonal demand commences in earnest. However, with mild weather expected continue into this week, the moment at which the market structure might change could be delayed for a few weeks yet. 
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