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OPEC+ Shows Its Hand

By: Harry Altham, Energy Analyst, Market Analysis EMEA & Asia

OPEC+ Shows Its Hand
 
Harry Altham
Energy Analyst, EMEA & Asia

OPEC+’s unexpected decision to cut output by 1.15M bbd has rattled markets, as Brent surged by over 7.5% to trade above $86 before encountering technical resistance around the 7th March intraday high. This figure does not include Russia's 0.5M bbd voluntary production cut, and the total decline in production will amount to around 3.7% of global demand if we include the 2.1M bbd cuts announced last autumn. Unsurprisingly, the promise to cut output further is wreaking havoc on the futures curves, with the Brent second spread surging by 300% to reach $0.48 backwardation.

image 67737
Source: ICE, StoneX

Saudi Arabia will constitute over 50% of the production cut, while the UAE and Kuwait are among other nations expected to follow suit. An OPEC+ supply cut of this scale could result in a global decrease in production y/y, which is quite a statement amid resounding strength in Asian cash markets. Indeed, road and aviation indicators are showing evidence of strength across Asia already, which we expect will continue to show a sustained recovery throughout the year. Ultimately, the move is likely to leave the market in a supply deficit by year-end, regardless of possible price destruction.  

OPEC+ have certainly shown their hand with this move; the group appear determined to achieve $90+/bbl despite the risks that higher prices pose to the global economy. It is true that global inventories have been rising by over 1M bbd in the last six months, but the rate of this replenishment is slowing considerably (also worth remembering that stocks were at 15-year lows in September 2022).

The unexpected element of the move is that we had not heard such noises from OPEC+ since September. The market had been lulled into a false sense of security; the theory went that OPEC+ would keep output stable after Saudi Arabia’s intermittent reassurances that output ought to ‘remain steady all year’. 

Relations between OPEC+ countries, including between Saudi Arabia and Iran, have improved in recent weeks. As a result of recent political plays, there is a sense that battle lines are being drawn between OPEC+ and the West. On the evidence of 2022’s strategic and financial commitments, a production cut at such a time is likely to further increase the pace of Europe’s shift to greener fuels; this would constitute an unintended consequence of the cut. 
Reliance on fossil fuels has long been a prominent environmental issue for Europe, but the backseat fears of political repercussions stemming from oil dependency have come to the fore in the past 18 months. The economic and geopolitical appeal of energy security via supply-side independence will hasten the decline in oil consumption west of Suez, which will result in a long-term price pressure shift to the Oman/Dubai benchmark and away from Brent. 
For crude itself, expect more sustained pressure down the forward curve, which felt too weak in recent weeks - even as markets found their footing after last month’s banking crisis. We are working on new assumptions from last week; a minor reduction in the speculative net long will play second fiddle to the OPEC+ news and largely bullish high frequency indicators this week. 
image 67738
Source: CFTC, StoneX
In the long-run, European economies look set to suffer as a result of the move, as the ‘stickiness’ of inflation looks set to worsen as a result of the relatively high degree of exposure to imported energy supplies. Last week’s closure of the Iraq-Turkey pipeline (now resolved) reminded us of Europe’s extant vulnerability to Middle Eastern fundamentals. However, the strength of Dubai crude (partly due to strength in Asian physical markets, and partly due to speculative activity) will exert greater pressure from Europe across the Atlantic and further fuel imports from the United States.
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