By: Rhona O'Connell, Head of Market Analysis
Gold outlook positive for this year, due to a range of uncertainties. Trading at $2,045 as we write
Silver is less constructive because of the same economic uncertainties – which is historically unusual; trading at $23.16 as we write
In the short term gold continues to respond to yields, as the bellwether for financial expectations
Silver’s ETPs lost the equivalent of three weeks’ global mine production last year
We are expecting Fed rate cuts to start in the second half of this year. Core PCE is encouraging, but there is more to do
Gold technical, six months view; spot below the 10D MA, above the longer-term averages. MACD (a key short-term indicator) marginally negative
FOMC fed funds rate projections
December ` September
When we last wrote, the FOMC had completed its December meeting and as we noted at the time “the markets took the outcome of the Federal Open Market Committee’s final meeting of 2023 as (again) postulating an easier rate prognosis than is likely to be the case. Once the Statement came out and Chair Powell’s Press Conference got underway yields dropped sharply and gold ran up from $1,982 to close the session in the United States at $2,025 then tested $2,050 the following day for a 3.4% gain”
Now we have had the Minutes of that meeting and as usual the devil is in the detail.
On the positive side for gold, the Minutes said that “slowing growth of labour income and increased use of credit may contribute to softer consumer spending. Delinquency rates are rising for many types of consumer loans…. And in addition, some small businesses are already seeing tighter credit conditions and increasing delinquencies”.
This talks to the argument about banking risk, which has been a persistent cause of concern for this writer, at least, and continues to be a potential support for gold – think back to how gold came to life in March-May last year when we had banking “crises”, even though the Fed and the Swiss National Bank were fleet of foot in addressing the problems.
What is particularly interesting is that some participants are of the view that improved supply stemming from better supply chains and labour supply is largely complete; this implies that further progress in reducing inflation may “come mainly from further softening in product and labor demand, with restrictive monetary policy continuing to play a central role”. While participants judged that the “policy rate as likely at or near its peak for this tightening cycle”, they did note that the actual policy path will depend on how the economy evolves. Also that the outlooks are associated with an “unusually elevated degree of uncertainty”. Several noted that “circumstances might warrant keeping the target range at its current value for longer than they currently anticipated”.
While the rate is seen as at or near its peak the Committee is not ruling out any further firming if warranted by “the totality of incoming data the evolving outlook, and the balance of risks”.
So, adding all this to the latest economic numbers (notably the nonfarm payroll figures at the end of last week), employment continues to increase in the manufacturing sector and economic growth is still expanding, albeit at a slower rate than previously.
So on that basis there is a considerable degree of uncertainty swirling through the outlook for the US economy and that too is extended into Europe while the Chinese economy is still not out of the woods.
Gold tends to thrive on uncertainty (and of course we must not forget geopolitics, which are currently supportive and on a humanitarian basis we must hope that that goes into reverse), and this implies that the outlook for gold prices remains positive.
For silver, in principle a bullish gold outlook should theoretically imply an ever more bullish silver prognosis, but at present the economic uncertainties are keeping silver comparatively subdued and the ratio between the two may be more likely to expand in the next few months than to contract.
Gold silver and the ratio; silver’s correlation with gold and with copper
Gold and the two-year and ten-year yields, January 2021 to date
Exchange Traded Products
In the ETP sector, the latest numbers from the World Gold Council (the most reliable source) showed a fall of 239t in 2023 as far as 15th December (funds exodus of $14.0Bn); subsequent figures from Bloomberg, which doesn’t cover quite as many funds as the WGC, suggest a further drop in the final fortnight of 12t, leaving an estimated drop for the year of 251t to 3,213t. World mine production is roughly 3,650t. The last week of the year was one of redemptions.
Silver ETPs remained mixed during December and have started 2024 in negative vein. For the year as a whole the silver ETPs dropped from 23,296t to 21,770t (world mine production is approximately 26,500t). This was therefore a fall of 1,526t, equivalent to three weeks’ global mine production.
Gold spot price vs ETF holdings
Futures positioning;
In the week to 2nd January the managed money positions in gold saw a very small increase in longs and reduction in shorts, leaving the net position at a long of 339t, against a twelve-month average of 221t; silver saw increases on both sides; 5% or 302t in ln longs and a 13% or 421t increase in shorts, reducing the net long from 2.700t to 2,581t – although this is still a lot higher than the twelve-month average of 1,686t.
At end-2022 gold was showing a net long of 158t and at end 2023 that position was a net long of 218t; the silver net long had been 4,632t and by end-year was down to 2,700t, demonstrating silver’s lack of attraction last year compared to gold. For the time being silver is still under something of a cloud. The outright short on COMEX does point to the scope for a short-covering rally and the longer-term demand fundamentals are strong, but it is more than likely that silver will struggle in the immediate term.
Gold COMEX positioning, Money Managers (t)
COMEX Managed Money Silver Positioning (t)
| 7 January 2024 | Previous week | % change | Year-to-date | Range Jan 2022 onwards | Range as % | ||
| Min | Max | ||||||
| Gold (pm LBMA price) | 2,056.35 | 2,069.40 | -0.63% | -0.54% | 1,628.75 | 2,078.40 | 27.61% |
| Silver (LBMA price) | 22.98 | 24.26 | -5.26% | -4.03% | 20.09 | 26.03 | 29.54% |
| Platinum (pm LBMA price) | 956.00 | 976.00 | -2.05% | -3.24% | 850.00 | 1,128.00 | 32.71% |
| Palladium (pm LBMA price) | 1,040.00 | 1,174.00 | -11.41% | -5.54% | 957.00 | 1,732.00 | 80.98% |
| S&P 500 | 4,688.68 | 4,781.58 | -1.94% | -1.70% | 3,855.76 | 4,783.35 | 24.06% |
| $:€ | 1.0945 | 1.1061 | -1.05% | -0.91% | 1.0467 | 1.1236 | 7.35% |
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