StoneX logo

April Farmer Fertilizer Focus - Urea

By: Josh Linville, Vice President- Fertilizer

 
April '23 UREA
 
Josh Linville
Vice President - Fertilizer
major global urea export location price graphs
The intention of the below graphs are not to use to say "my price should be X based on this graph".  These prices are indicated from an FOB price point average.  The intent is to show major global price movement trends.  I have opted to include US Gulf/NOLA in these graphs due sometimes on/sometimes off again export capability.  Also to show N.A. values in relation to the rest of the world.
The first graph shows these prices reflected in metric ton.  The second graph in short ton.  Both are listed using USD as the currency.

 
What everyone wants to know first, what do we think will happen going forward
Globally, prices continue to lean bearish but there are signs that the drop is slowing.
Manufacturers are still struggling with the lack of demand.  Production continues which means they are begging for places to ship to.  However, that could change in the near term.  It is likely the plants that have been profitable have been running at higher than normal rates.  With the margins where they have been, I would have done the same thing.  Run that plant into the ground and make that money.  However, that also means more wear and tear that needs to be fixed.  We could see more plant outages/repair announcements.  Covid showed us if enough plants shut down, it tightens the global S&D and can push prices higher.  Will need to watch.

North America looks pretty rangebound in the gulf but inland prices jump when demand appears.

The biggest question I have revolves around N demand in general.  That means I wonder if we will keep our corn acres.  So far, this spring has been a bust.  Not to say we cannot catch up but preplant work (such as NH3) has struggled.

If we keep corn acres constant to higher and NH3 ends up being a failure, that means a huge demand wave is coming for urea.  Given what we have seen in the south, that is going to support regional prices.  On the flip side, last spring taught us that corn acres are far from guaranteed.  If farmers start making the switch to less N demand heavy crops, N demand drops and so does the price.

Today, I'm middle of the road/bearish but concerned local inland prices could jump.

Should you buy your spring '23 urea needs today
If you need product sooner than later and are farther away from supply points, I would rather know my product is locked up and in place than risk supply over a little more price downside.
I am much more conservative and would be lying if I said there wasn't bearish potential out there.  If I am farming (which I am not so take this for what it is), I would rather have that product in place because while every penny matters, I do not want to put my overall yield at risk.  We will likely get thru the spring without any severe problems but if I can put my mind at ease, I'm locking it up.
general global urea information
image 59328
What has happened in the last 30 days?
India purchase tender came and went and the market is still bearish
We covered some of the India tender in the March edition.  Ultimately, when all the news was complete, the market remained bearish.  The offered values to India were very aggressive as suppliers wanted to be first in line to guarantee they got to offload positions.  There was no surprise in the tons secured.  They locked up very close to 1M tons.  There has been no follow thru with a quick surprise 2.0 tender.
Ultimately, the market was left bearish in its wake as it failed to meet any expectation.
With no one really talking a short term announcement, it seems India will wait to see what happens with global values.
Following India, there has been little demand
Previously, some had hoped that we would see India step into the buying portal again.  That hasn't happened.  Some had hoped we would see Brazil come back.  Again, hasn't happened.  Even spring time applicators like North America and Europe have failed to make any waves.
It appears global buyers have relished the chance to sit back and wait at the expense of manufacturers/suppliers.  After a couple years of being yanked around, they are going to enjoy this!
Without demand stepping forward, supplies/inventories continue to build.  That puts the pressure on the supply side. 
 
European production rates refuse to change in face of lower natural gas prices
Don't get me wrong, we have seen European rates change.  Last August, when the Dutch TTF rallied to $103MMbtu, we saw European nitrogen production rates plummet to 20 - 30% of normal.  Since then, that same Dutch TTF value has fallen to $12 - $16MMbut...but rates have only climbed to 60 - 70% of normal.  While the world has been thrilled to see production rates climb that high, some have been disappointed that the remaining 30 - 40% has not returned and leaves us questioning what it will take to restart them.
While Europe is far from the biggest urea production region in the world, they do matter.  Their reduced production rates mean a tighter global S&D.
Chinese exports for 2023 are starting similar to 2022
In another case of "tighter than normal global S&D", Chinese exports are starting 2023 eerily similar to 2022 which saw them fail to meet their typical average.
Today, that doesn't appear to matter.  Even without their normal export rates, global values have continued to fall.  However, it does make me wonder how long this can proceed.  Between European production being lower than normal, Chinese exports falling short of typical and Russian fears remaining, our world is in a much more tightly supplied situation than it is used to.
I'm not saying this to scare anyone into buying anything today.  I'm just asking that you consider this and keep a close eye on the situation.
North American urea demand could be all over the place
Last spring was one of the worst spring seasons that I can remember.  Conditions were never conducive for preplant nitrogen applications.  As we approached this time of year, I started talking a lot about "Nh3 didn't happen which should mean an enormous demand wave coming for urea"...yet it never did.  What I missed was that conditions would continue poor and corn acres would drop from an expected 93 - 95M acres to an eventual 88.6M acres.  That devastated nitrogen demand.
This year has not started well.  While too early to call NH3 application completely done, a lot of signals are saying it will fail to meet expectations...which have me nervously thinking about demand moving to urea.
I'm hearing from a few folks that are saying they do not expect a drop in corn acres.  Forward forecasts are not as bad as they were this time last year meaning farmers will be able to get planting done.  December 2023 corn values have been rising in an attempt to keep their acreage.  Some have even pointed to the current corn stocks to use number saying we can ill afford to lose more production.  If that scenario plays out, urea could certainly see a windfall of demand late enough in the spring that we cannot call upon more imports to make the difference.
However, I'm not ready to call that story complete.  December 2023 corn values, while higher than recent low's, are still below the previous $5.90 - $6/bushel range.  The Northern Plains are dealing with some major snow.  While farmers in that area of the world are extremely resilient and know how to get a lot of things done in a short time, I would be lying if I said I wasn't at least a little nervous.
A lot of these questions will be answered in the coming weeks but today, we need to be mindful of how it plays out as it will have huge impact on the urea market going forward.
Where are current values in relation to the past
NOLA/New Orleans, Louisiana 
Number 3 importer (6.3mmt in 2021)
Top 5 import origins
  1. Qatar (19%)
  2. Russia (18%)
  3. Canada (13%)
  4. Algeria (12%)
  5. Saudi Arabia (12%)

Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -2% or approximately $5 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -26% or approximately $108 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -48% or approximately $290 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -66% or approximately $590 lower

 

U.S. Midwest Average

  • Vs 30 days ago - unchanged or approximately $1 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -28% or approximately $145 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -44% or approximately $291 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -60% or approximately $569 lower

U.S. Southern Plains Average

  • Vs 30 days ago - +5% or approximately $20 higher
  • Vs 90 days ago - -22% or approximately $118 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -38% or approximately $255 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -55% or approximately $503 lower

U.S. Northern Plains Average

  • Vs 30 days ago - -2% or approximately $6 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -28% or approximately $149 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -43% or approximately $291 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -60% or approximately $564 lower

Middle East

Number 1 exporter (as a region, not as individual nations)

  • Vs 30 days ago - -13% or approximately $43 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -32% or approximately $138 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -54% or approximately $345 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -69% or approximately $653 lower

Egypt

Number 5 exporter (4.6mmt in 2021)

Top 5 export destinations

  1. India (14%)
  2. Argentina (14%)
  3. Turkey (11%)
  4. France (10%)
  5. Italy (9%)

Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -17% or approximately $67 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -34% or approximately $172 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -58% or approximately $467 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -70% or approximately $767 lower

Black Sea

Number 1 exporter (7mmt in 2021)

Top 5 export destinations

  1. Brazil (20%)
  2. United States (16%)
  3. Canada (8%)
  4. Mexico (7%)
  5. India (3%)

Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -18% or approximately $58 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -38% or approximately $154 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -59% or approximately $370 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -69% or approximately $570 lower

China

Number 4 exporter (5.3mmt in 2021)

Top 5 export destinations

  1. India (53%)
  2. South Korea (12%)
  3. Mexico (8%)
  4. Chile (5%)
  5. Colombia (3%)

Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -15% or approximately $60 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -21% or approximately $90 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -46% or approximately $290 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -51% or approximately $355 lower

Brazil

Number 2 importer (7.8mmt in 2021)

Top 5 import origins

  1. Qatar (23%)
  2. Russia (18%)
  3. Oman (16%)
  4. Algeria (14%)
  5. Nigeria (11%)

Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -12% or approximately $43 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -34% or approximately $158 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -53% or approximately $350 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -69% or approximately $685 lower

Bull/Bear Factors
Because no market is ever guaranteed to go higher/lower, we try to consider the factors that can sway values so that we are able to act when they occur rather than react.
Bullish Factors
  • Chinese exports are starting 2023 behind average...again - with China being one of the largest exporters of urea to the world (normally), it makes sense that we need to watch them.  Today, it looks like they are repeating the 2022 program and are already falling behind vs the 3-year average.  If this continues, it removes supply from the world.
  • Lower European natural gas values are not bringing remaining offline production back on - many, ourselves included, had expected European production rates to improve as natural gas values dropped significantly.  While we did see a boost from an original 20 - 30% of normal to a current 60 - 70% of normal, that remaining 30 - 40% remains offline.  Can natural gas get cheap enough to turn on the remaining plants?  Are we going to have to learn to live without these supplies?
  • Southern Plains U.S. is already showing what happens when demand shows up - to the frustration of many, urea prices are holding up rather well in Oklahoma (a popular spot for urea supplies).  Bearish markets meant suppliers were less willing to put product in place.  As demand has stepped forward, supply has struggled to keep up and prices have remained high/risen.  There is a lot of demand to come which could push prices ideas higher around North America.
Bearish Factors
  • World demand has learned it can wait and cause prices to fall/product to still show up - the last couple years, buyers have felt the need to step forward sooner than later to make sure supplies are in place.  Since last fall, the power has shifted so that buyers can now sit back and wait for tons to arrive as values fall.  This will not be a forever situation...but it is certainly a today situation.
  • Europe restarts remaining production/China returns - either/both of these scenarios would add unexpected supplies to the global marketplace and push price ideas lower.  While neither look extremely likely today, it is possible and we need to watch.
  • Poor North America spring season could destroy N demand - there is an equal chance that with a poor spring NH3 run, urea demand could be boosted.  However, last spring taught us that a poor spring can also mean the loss of a lot of corn acres and as a result a lot of N demand.  Hard to call either way with proponents on each side of the aisle.  
Where are the current urea/grain ratio values today

We believe that only looking at the flat price of either grains or fertilizer can be misleading:

  • Only selling grain can hurt you if fertilizer prices rise substantially
  • Only buying fertilizer can hurt you if grain prices fall

We look at the ratio "value" to get a better indication of where we are or how many bushels of X does it take to pay for 1 ton of fertilizer.

Would you rather:

  • Spend 135 bushels to pay for 1 ton of urea
  • Spend 55 bushels to pay for 1 ton of urea

When we compare the current ratio value against recent years, we start to see if we are high or low.

YOUR VALUES WILL LOOK DIFFERENT

This graph looks at the NOLA urea price vs the flat grain price. There are no logistics on either product. Your location will look different due to fertilizer logistical costs, grain basis, etc.

Josh Linville’s focal points
  • How will global buyers react during Q3 - a lot of suppliers and a lot of demand have hurt feelings/balance sheets from buying urea too soon.  Couple that with higher interest rates and lower grain values, and Q3 already being a quiet demand period for the world.  It adds up to this July/August possibly turning into one of the quieter periods we have seen in a while.
  • Local prices mean more than global prices in season - some of your in the Southern Plains U.S. can attest to that.  As demand started to hit, supplies struggled to keep up and the basis to NOLA got really wide.  That is why your values are not down as hard.  Keep an eye on the globe for the long term POV but remember you live in your region.  When you are hitting the fields, that local price is what matters.
  • Watch those ratios - some of the current grain/urea ratios are outstanding vs recent years.  I know that urea is still high priced vs historical values but so are many grains.  It is all about that comparison value.  If you are good enough to call the high of grain/low of fert, good on you.  I'm not.  I want to lock in margin when and where I can.  Today is one of those days.
  • Keep talking to your supplier - again, the Southern Plains can speak to this.  Several are having to wait for barges to arrive, trucks to arrive, trucks to get thru massive lines at the terminals, etc.  You might expect that you can walk into your retailer and they will have the product waiting on you.  That might not be the case.  Talk early.  Talk often.  Do not get caught.

All data was sourced from StoneX unless otherwise noted.

This material should be construed as market commentary, merely observing economic, political and/or market conditions, and not intended to refer to any particular trading strategy, promotional element or quality of service provided by the FCM Division of StoneX Financial Inc. (“SFI”), StoneX Financial (Canada) Inc. (“SFFC”) or StoneX Markets LLC (“SXM”). SFI, SFFC and SXM are not responsible for any redistribution of this material by third parties, or any trading decisions taken by persons not intended to view this material. Information contained herein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed as to its accuracy. Contact designated personnel from SFI, SFFC or SXM for specific trading advice to meet your trading preferences. These materials represent the opinions and viewpoints of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the viewpoints and trading strategies employed by SFI, SFFC or SXM. The FCM Division of StoneX Financial Inc., a subsidiary of StoneX Group Inc., is a member of the National Futures Association (“NFA”) and registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a futures commission merchant and commodity trading advisor. StoneX Financial (Canada) Inc. is currently registered as a Futures Commission Merchant or equivalent in all provinces of Canada and is a member of the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada.

 
 
  • Fertilizers

This material should be construed as the solicitation of an account, order, and/or services and represents the opinions and viewpoints of the individual authors or presenters. It does not constitute an individualized recommendation or take into account the particular trading objectives, financial situations, or needs of individual customers.


The views are current only through the date stated and are subject to change at any time based upon market or other conditions, and StoneX Group Inc. (“SGI”) disclaims any responsibility to update such views. Actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those expressed or implied. Information is based on data gathered from what we believe are reliable sources. Past performance does not guarantee future results.


The StoneX Group Inc. group of companies provides financial services worldwide through its subsidiaries, including physical commodities, securities, exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivatives, risk management, global payments and foreign exchange products in accordance with applicable law in the jurisdictions where services are provided.


References to certain OTC products or swaps are made on behalf of StoneX Markets, LLC (SXM), a member of the National Futures Association (NFA) and provisionally registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as a swap dealer. SXM’s products are designed only for individuals or firms who qualify under CFTC rules as an ‘Eligible Contract Participant’ and who have been accepted as customers of SXM.


StoneX Financial Inc. (SFI) is a member of FINRA/NFA/SIPC and registered with the MSRB. SFI is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as a Broker-Dealer and with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant and Commodity Trading Advisor. StoneX Financial (Canada) Inc. (SFCI) is registered in Canada and is a member of CIRO and CIPF. References to certain securities trading are made on behalf of the BD Division of SFI and are intended only for an audience of institutional clients as defined by FINRA Rule 4512(c). References to certain exchange-traded futures and options are made on behalf of the FCM Division of SFI. Wealth Management is offered through SA Stone Wealth Management Inc., member FINRA/SIPC, and SA Stone Investment Advisors Inc., an SEC-registered investment advisor, both wholly owned subsidiaries of SGI.

R.J. O’Brien & Associates, LLC (RJO) is registered with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant and is a member of NFA.


StoneX Financial Ltd (SFL) is registered in England and Wales, company no. 5616586. SFL is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) (registration number FRN:446717) to provide services to professional and eligible customers including: arrangement, execution and, where required, clearing derivative transactions in exchange traded futures and options. SFL is also authorized to engage in the arrangement and execution of transactions in certain OTC products, certain securities trading, precious metals trading and payment services to eligible customers. SFL is authorized and regulated by the FCA under the Payment Services Regulations 2017 for the provision of payment services. SFL is a category 1 ring-dealing member of the London Metal Exchange. In addition SFL also engages in other physically delivered commodities business and other general business activities which are unregulated and not required to be authorized by the FCA.


This communication is issued in the European Economic Area by StoneX Financial Europe GmbH (SFEG). StoneX is the trade name used by STONEX GROUP INC. and all its associated entities and subsidiaries. StoneX Financial Europe GmbH (“SFEG”) is a securities trading firm registered in Germany under Company No. HRB 80844.


StoneX Financial Pte Ltd (Co. Reg. No 201130598R) (“SFP”) is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and is a Capital Markets Service Licence holder (for dealing in capital market products), an Exempt Financial Adviser (for advising on investment products and issuing or promulgating analyses/ reports on investment products) and a Major Payment Institution (for domestic and cross-border money transfer services).


SFP may distribute analysis/report produced by its respective foreign affiliates within the StoneX Group of companies pursuant to an arrangement under Regulation 32C of the Financial Advisers Regulations Recipients should contact SFP at (65) 6309 1000 for any matters arising from, or in connection with, this webinar.


StoneX APAC Pte. Ltd. (“SAP”) (Co. Reg. No 200616676W) is regulated as a Dealer (PS20190001002) under the Precious Stones and Precious Metals (Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing) Act 2019 for purposes of anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism.


StoneX Financial (HK) Limited (CE No.: BCQ152) (“SHK”) is regulated by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission for Dealing in Securities and Dealing in Futures Contracts.


StoneX Financial Pty Ltd (ACN 141 774 727) holds an Australian Financial Service License (AFSL: 345646) for Dealing in Securities, Exchange-Traded Derivatives Contracts, OTC Derivatives Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts, and is regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.


StoneX Securities Co., Ltd. (“SSJ”) (Co. Reg. No 010401047199) is regulated by the Japanese Financial Services Agency as a Type-I Financial Instruments Business Operator (Kanto Local Finance Bureau (FIBO)No.291’), is a member of the Financial Futures Association of Japan for dealing and broking FX and FX Option transactions, and is a member of the Japan Securities Dealers Association for dealing and broking stock indices and option transactions.


Trading swaps and over-the-counter derivatives, exchange-traded derivatives and options and securities involves substantial risk and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance of any futures or option is not indicative of future success. Indicators are not a trading system and are not published as a specific trade recommendation. The information herein is not a recommendation to trade nor investment research or an offer to buy or sell any derivative or security. It does not take into account your particular investment objectives, financial situation or needs and does not create a binding obligation on any of the StoneX group of companies to enter into any transaction with you. You are advised to perform an independent investigation of any transaction to determine whether any transaction is suitable for you. No part of this material may be copied, photocopied or duplicated in any form by any means or redistributed without the prior written consent of StoneX Group Inc.


The report/analysis herein is not directed to, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of or located in any locality, state, country or other jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to law or regulation.


© 2026 StoneX Group Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Satellite view of Earth at night showing illuminated cities across Asia and the Middle East

Discover more insights

Our subscribers have access to comprehensive market analysis from StoneX spanning commodities, equities, currencies and more.

StoneX: We open markets

Our market expertise, advanced platforms, global reach, culture of full transparency and commitment to our clients’ success all set us apart in the financial marketplace.

Reach

With access to 40+ derivatives exchanges, 180+ foreign exchange markets, nearly every global securities marketplace and numerous bi-lateral liquidity venues, StoneX’s digital network and deep relationships can take clients anywhere they want to go.

Transparency

As a publicly traded company meeting the highest standards of regulatory compliance in the markets we serve, our financials and record of accomplishment are matters of public record. StoneX’s commitment to “doing the right thing over the easy thing” sets us apart in the industry and helps us build respect, client trust and new partnerships.

Expertise

From our proprietary Market Intelligence platform, to “boots on the ground” expertise from award-winning traders and professionals, we connect our clients directly to actionable insights they can use to make more informed decisions and achieve their goals in the global markets.