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Base Metal Commentary

By: Natalie Scott-Gray, Senior Metals Demand Analyst, EMEA and Asia region

BASE METALS CAUGHT BETWEEN OPPOSING FORCES
 
 
Natalie Scott-Gray
Senior Metals Analyst, EMEA & Asia
Natalie.scott-gray@stonex.com
 
As we enter the last month and a half of 2021, the base metal suite appears to be torn between two opposing forces, an outlook that is set to see slower global economic growth; which is likely to translate into weaker demand, versus the ongoing reality of physical metal supply tightness, as a direct outcome of strained supply bottlenecks. In our view, the global disconnect between central bank actions and between physical metal supplies are forecast to maintain to year-end, which are likely to act as  tailwinds behind further volatility.
 
Spotlight on Global Supply Chains
 
For the first time in over a decade, each of the six metals that make up the base metal suite recorded a backwardation simultaneously this week, with the spot price for the metals rising above that of the 3M future price. Although backwardations have persisted through much of the second half of 2021, in light of rebounding demand in the rest of the world being challenged by material deliveries being delayed due to freight and port logistics from production hub China, this unique situation is certainly something to note. Indeed, it is not just the disarray in the freight market that is behind this move (please note we forecast this will be ongoing well into 2022), but wider concerns that drawdowns in metal inventories to ultra-low levels at present, will be even longer lasting, acting as a key driver behind continued elevated prices. 
 
LME CASH-3M SPREAD
 
Source: Bloomberg
 
BASE METAL GLOBAL STOCKS
Source: Bloomberg
 
SPOTLIGHT ON BROADER MACRO PICTURE
China—BBG Downgrade Q4 GDP on Growing Property Risks
While news headlines highlighting concerns over a slowdown in China’s economy are certainly not something new (with the Government over the last several months focusing on moving policy to cross-cyclical and away from counter-cyclical), the release of economic data this week has once again singled out the risks that the highly indebted property market have placed on China’s growth forecasts. As it stands, 35% of China’s GDP is based on its property market, and given that October readings for investment in property once again missed market expectation to the downside (with growth at 7.2% from predicted 7.8%), BBG lowered its GDP estimate for the country in  Q4 to 3.5%, with 2021 growth as a whole at 8%, and 2022 growth at 5.4%. This came despite other economic figures for China being released showing a moderate stabilisation in the economic slowdown, with industrial production and consumption (in the form of retail sales) surprising to the upside last month. 
MONTHLY CHINESE RETAIL SALES, INDUSTIRAL PRODUCTION, FIXED ASSET INVESMENT & PROPERTY INVESMENT (Y/Y Change) 
 
​​

Source: Bloomberg
CHINESE NEW & SECOND HAND HOME PRICES
 
Source: Bloomberg
 MONTHLY CHINESE RETAIL SALES & INDUSTIRAL PRODUCTION (M/M Change)

Source: Bloomberg
 
Divergence in Central Bank Actions Within the U.S. and Europe—Support for the Greenback?

This week, the ECB President Christine Lagarde reaffirmed her stance towards raising interest rates across the region while presenting to European Parliament lawmakers, stating that “If we were to have any kind of tightening approach to the current situation, it would actually do more harm than good”. She went on further to say that raising interest rates “would begin having an impact at a time when inflation is actually returning to lower levels”, expelling any expectations; at least for the moment, that rates rises could occur in 2022. This is in stark comparison to across the pond, in which the outcome of the September Federal Reserve meeting highlighted the increased expectation for interest rate rises next year (please note here we looking at the shift in the FOMC’s outlook for federal funds rate changes—or more commonly referred to as the ‘dot plot’). (For further information please see Base Metal Commentary from 22nd September here). As a result of the announcement from President Lagarde, the euro has been in decline for most of this week, falling to its lowest level since July 2020 on Wednesday. 

U.S. DOLLAR INDEX AND EURO

Source: Bloomberg
U.S. DOLLAR INDEX AND EURO
Source: Bloomberg
 
 
Argument for the Bears
Expectations of slowing demand in the world’s largest producer and consumer of base metals China, and arguably a stronger U.S. dollar in the near-term (which has an inverse relationship to the price of commodities).
Argument for the Bulls
Supply chain disruptions are likely to maintain well into 2022, where ultra-low inventories in the face of strong demand in the west could keep spreads widening and premiums high.
 
CHINA SPOT COPPER PREMIUM
Source: Bloomberg
 
 
  • Base Metals

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