StoneX logo

Farmer Fertilizer Focus - Urea

By: Josh Linville, Vice President- Fertilizer

UREA
 
Josh Linville
Vice President - Fertilizer
What everyone wants to know first, what do we think will happen going forward
Globally, if European natural gas prices do not correct lower (much lower), we may have seen the bottom of the urea market

When I started on the July newsletter before the 4th of July weekend, I struggled with what I would write here.  There were a couple very strong bearish factors as well as a couple very strong bullish factors.  It seemed like I would write less about what I thought would happen and more about what happens if either side "won".

Yesterday/today's European natural gas values helped clear the air (thought we need to be aware that this can also correct).

With the runup on European nat gas values, producers there are looking at an estimated cost of urea production around $1,000 USD.  Obviously the current world market is not going to support that.  We have only seen/heard of one plant doing a short term outage as a response.  Others are rumored to be considering and that is the fear.  If more plants follow suit, we will see not only European supplies drop but world supplies drop while demand rises.

This story is not fully told but it is certainly leaning higher. 

Global values might be turning the corner higher...and NOLA is a steep discount to global values

Today, the North American market is struggling with the inventory carryover from spring that it did not expect.  We went into the spring expecting ending inventories to be near zero.  Ahead of schedule imports and poor spring demand coupled to surprise the market.  While we have seen exports occurring which is helping to clean up the excess, more needs to be done before the market is "comfortable".

The problem is what happens after the market gets "comfortable".  Today, NOLA sits at a $60 discount to where Arab Gulf replacement values sit normally.  If the global market holds (possible with Europe) and we "fix" our length, we could see that gap narrow with NOLA doing the upward correction.

Again, as mentioned above, there are still plenty of bull and bear factors to watch but today, the market seems to be leaning higher.

 image 42641

Should you buy your spring '23 urea needs today
Might be time to start looking at minimum a layer
When I started writing this month's edition before the 4th of July weekend, I grappled with what to say in this section.  There are a couple very solid bear factors floating out there that if they "win" out, we are looking at global values dropping.  However, there are a couple solid bull factors that could do the same thing.  Neither side was showing any sign of stepping forward to take control.
Today, one of the big bull factors has stepped forward.  European natural gas values have risen substantially on fears that not only will Russia cut natural gas flows to Europe by 40%, but that could be the first cut to supplies.  Today, European producers cost of production for a single ton of urea sits around $1,000 USD.  The global market is nowhere near that value today.  So far, only a single plant has announced that it will stop production as a result of high input values.  The market is scared to death that more are coming and coming soon.
If we lose another chunk of production there, not only will it reduce global supplies but it will also increase global demand.  It is a double edged sword.
We have seen values down tremendously from their high's in late March.  Almost half.  Not going to lie, I had hoped that we would see further deterioration but I'm losing hope.
What has happened in the last 30 days?
Russian tons continue to find homes
I know I've talked about this over and over again.  However, for those that are new, Russia has been a global urea market problem.
Originally, at the start of the Ukraine invasion, the world economy said it would no longer do business with Russia.  That included fertilizer.  As global supplies got tight and prices got to record high's, those clear lines that were drawn got a little fuzzy.  The market, which expected Russian exports to be near zero, had to contend with new supplies.
Today, Russian exports continue to occur at near normal rates.  They will not be 100% normal vs recent years.  That is not due to inability.  In fact, it is due to the Russian government placing export caps on its producers.
This has been a major bear event in recent months.  A couple million extra tons in the first half of the year will do that.
image 42642
Still no word from China
Again, I know I've talked about this at length but for those that are new, the Chinese government banned the export of nitrogen fertilizers last fall.  Global inventories were extremely tight and global prices extremely high.  In an effort to take care of Chinese farmers, the ban was put in place to ensure not only adequate supplies but also lower domestic pricing.  When the ban was announced, it was set to go thru June '22.  Well, it's July '22 and we still have not heard an official statement.
While the world waits for the statement, theories abound.  I have had people that "know" say that the ban will be fully lifted and others say they "know" that the ban will be extended thru June '23...and everything in between.
China is a hard country to get accurate information from.  All we can do, myself included, is make educated guesses.  I have guessed that they would return to exporting but it would be at a lower, government controlled pace.  Time will tell if my guess was right.
Whether right or wrong, the story so far is clear.  China accounts for around 10% of the global urea export volume or 5.5M tons per year.  Without their product, the world is more tightly supplied than normal and that supports higher price ideas.
image 42643
European cost of production skyrockets once again
This is what started the new fertilizer year.  The Dutch TTF natural gas value climbed over $50 MMbtu to start the year which means producers there are looking at near $1,000 USD cost per ton of urea.  Markets around Europe have only been in the $600 - $700 range.  That means there is a problem.
Fortunately, producers have had help.  Some are benefitting from government subsidies.  Others are benefitting from byproduct values being extremely high.  While those have helped, it has not caused some issues.
One plant is reported to be shutting down production short term due to the high input cost.  It was simply too much to continue.  Many other plants are reported to be considering the move, though no follow thru has been seen.  However, the market seems less concerned with if they have and are much more focused on if they will.
If this scenario plays out, not only will the world lose further supply/production, we will also see demand rise as their markets look to replace the tonnage.  Nothing is set in stone but it is high on our watch list.
NOLA urea is cheap as it works thru inventory carryover
The spring season was a bust for many in the North American marketplace.  Demand never seemed to step forward.  Corn acres, originally expected to be in the 93 - 94M range, ended with the most recent report at 89.5M and expectations that further changes will bring this number down to 88 - 88.5M.  Adding fuel to the fire, much of the wheat country burned up to the point that farmers refused to invest more into a crop that wouldn't produce.
This meant that product was produced and imported for demand that never showed up and is now being carried into the summer months.  This has been a big reason for NOLA to remain such a big discount to the world.  It is basically telling global producers to go elsewhere with shipments or end up with a much lower selling price.
This will not last forever.  Eventually, the length will be cleaned up and we are seeing that occur today.  Traders have been buying physical barges around the Gulf of Mexico, loading the product onto vessels and sending it oversea's to cover sales.  In fact, for the first time in a while, NOLA urea will arrive on west coast India to cover sales on their last tender.
Assuming the international urea market holds, NOLA will likely see values appreciate to close the gap between itself and the world.
Where are current values in relation to the past
For urea, we use NOLA/New Orleans Louisiana as our base point as it is the easiest spot to track.
  • Vs 30 days ago - -10.5% or approximately $60 lower 
  • Vs 90 days ago - -43% or approximately $390 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -33.6% or approximately $258 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - +18.6% or approximately $80 higher
Bull/Bear Factors
Because no market is ever guaranteed to go higher/lower, we try to consider the factors that can sway values so that we are able to act when they occur rather than react.
Bullish Factors
  • European production is in danger – if Russia continues to threaten to cut natural gas flows to Europe, prices will remain high.  The worst case scenario is that flows are cut enough that governments have to decide to give limited supplies to either the residential or industrial sector.  That choice will be pretty simple for most.
  • Chinese export remain banned – China is a key exporter in the global urea complex and as of today, there is no firm indication that they are coming back.  Even if they allow exports, very possible that it will be a reduced rate.  The globe is already dealing with lower than normal supplies.  This would not help.
  • 2023 demand appears solid at first glance – our way too early estimates for the 2023 U.S. crop mix include 90M acres of corn and 49.5M acres of wheat.  We continue to see a lot more upside than downside in those numbers.  That is a lot of N demand.
Bearish Factors
  • Russia could "normalize" – this is a far fetched factor but because the ramifications would be huge, we need to keep them in mind.  If we saw Russia turn a 180 (depart Ukraine, replace Putin, etc.), we could see a lot of things happen.  Russian exports jump again.  Natural gas values in Europe tank.  This would lean on prices pretty hard.
  • Chinese exports could resume – again, this doesn't look likely but because the chance is not zero, we need to watch.  If, big if, they returned to a full export program, it would be similar to Russian tons returning.  The world would be faced with several million extra tons of supply that it didn't expect.  
  • Demand could remain very reluctant for a long time - for much of the northern hemisphere, the next application period isn't for another 8 - 9 months.  With what we have seen in the last 2 years, that period is a lifetime.  Prices are already high so many buyers could take the approach of wait and see.
Where are the current urea/grain ratio values today
We believe that only looking at the flat price of either grains or fertilizer can be misleading:
  • Only selling grain can hurt you if fertilizer prices rise substantially
  • Only buying fertilizer can hurt you if grain prices fall
We look at the ratio "value" to get a better indication of where we are or how many bushels of X does it take to pay for 1 ton of fertilizer.
Would you rather:
  • Spend 135 bushels to pay for 1 ton of urea
  • Spend 55 bushels to pay for 1 ton of urea
When we compare the current ratio value against recent years, we start to see if we are high or low.
YOUR VALUES WILL LOOK DIFFERENT
This graph looks at the NOLA urea price vs the flat grain price. There are no logistics on either product. Your location will look different due to fertilizer logistical costs, grain basis, etc.
image 42634
image 42635
image 42636
image 42637
image 42638
image 42639
image 42640
Josh Linville’s Thoughts
  • Remember that we are part of a world market, whether we like it or not.  What happens halfway around the world matters at home.  
  • Look for your opportunities.  If you see a chance to lock up some cheaper than market urea or sell a spike in the grain markets, take the opportunity.  
  • Remember that these markets are going to remain volatile for the foreseeable future.  Seems like the days of boring fertilizer markets are a thing of the past.
 
 
 
  • Fertilizers

This material should be construed as the solicitation of an account, order, and/or services and represents the opinions and viewpoints of the individual authors or presenters. It does not constitute an individualized recommendation or take into account the particular trading objectives, financial situations, or needs of individual customers.


The views are current only through the date stated and are subject to change at any time based upon market or other conditions, and StoneX Group Inc. (“SGI”) disclaims any responsibility to update such views. Actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from those expressed or implied. Information is based on data gathered from what we believe are reliable sources. Past performance does not guarantee future results.


The StoneX Group Inc. group of companies provides financial services worldwide through its subsidiaries, including physical commodities, securities, exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivatives, risk management, global payments and foreign exchange products in accordance with applicable law in the jurisdictions where services are provided.


References to certain OTC products or swaps are made on behalf of StoneX Markets, LLC (SXM), a member of the National Futures Association (NFA) and provisionally registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as a swap dealer. SXM’s products are designed only for individuals or firms who qualify under CFTC rules as an ‘Eligible Contract Participant’ and who have been accepted as customers of SXM.


StoneX Financial Inc. (SFI) is a member of FINRA/NFA/SIPC and registered with the MSRB. SFI is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as a Broker-Dealer and with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant and Commodity Trading Advisor. StoneX Financial (Canada) Inc. (SFCI) is registered in Canada and is a member of CIRO and CIPF. References to certain securities trading are made on behalf of the BD Division of SFI and are intended only for an audience of institutional clients as defined by FINRA Rule 4512(c). References to certain exchange-traded futures and options are made on behalf of the FCM Division of SFI. Wealth Management is offered through SA Stone Wealth Management Inc., member FINRA/SIPC, and SA Stone Investment Advisors Inc., an SEC-registered investment advisor, both wholly owned subsidiaries of SGI.

R.J. O’Brien & Associates, LLC (RJO) is registered with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant and is a member of NFA.


StoneX Financial Ltd (SFL) is registered in England and Wales, company no. 5616586. SFL is authorized and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) (registration number FRN:446717) to provide services to professional and eligible customers including: arrangement, execution and, where required, clearing derivative transactions in exchange traded futures and options. SFL is also authorized to engage in the arrangement and execution of transactions in certain OTC products, certain securities trading, precious metals trading and payment services to eligible customers. SFL is authorized and regulated by the FCA under the Payment Services Regulations 2017 for the provision of payment services. SFL is a category 1 ring-dealing member of the London Metal Exchange. In addition SFL also engages in other physically delivered commodities business and other general business activities which are unregulated and not required to be authorized by the FCA.


This communication is issued in the European Economic Area by StoneX Financial Europe GmbH (SFEG). StoneX is the trade name used by STONEX GROUP INC. and all its associated entities and subsidiaries. StoneX Financial Europe GmbH (“SFEG”) is a securities trading firm registered in Germany under Company No. HRB 80844.


StoneX Financial Pte Ltd (Co. Reg. No 201130598R) (“SFP”) is regulated by the Monetary Authority of Singapore and is a Capital Markets Service Licence holder (for dealing in capital market products), an Exempt Financial Adviser (for advising on investment products and issuing or promulgating analyses/ reports on investment products) and a Major Payment Institution (for domestic and cross-border money transfer services).


SFP may distribute analysis/report produced by its respective foreign affiliates within the StoneX Group of companies pursuant to an arrangement under Regulation 32C of the Financial Advisers Regulations Recipients should contact SFP at (65) 6309 1000 for any matters arising from, or in connection with, this webinar.


StoneX APAC Pte. Ltd. (“SAP”) (Co. Reg. No 200616676W) is regulated as a Dealer (PS20190001002) under the Precious Stones and Precious Metals (Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing) Act 2019 for purposes of anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism.


StoneX Financial (HK) Limited (CE No.: BCQ152) (“SHK”) is regulated by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission for Dealing in Securities and Dealing in Futures Contracts.


StoneX Financial Pty Ltd (ACN 141 774 727) holds an Australian Financial Service License (AFSL: 345646) for Dealing in Securities, Exchange-Traded Derivatives Contracts, OTC Derivatives Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts, and is regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.


StoneX Securities Co., Ltd. (“SSJ”) (Co. Reg. No 010401047199) is regulated by the Japanese Financial Services Agency as a Type-I Financial Instruments Business Operator (Kanto Local Finance Bureau (FIBO)No.291’), is a member of the Financial Futures Association of Japan for dealing and broking FX and FX Option transactions, and is a member of the Japan Securities Dealers Association for dealing and broking stock indices and option transactions.


Trading swaps and over-the-counter derivatives, exchange-traded derivatives and options and securities involves substantial risk and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance of any futures or option is not indicative of future success. Indicators are not a trading system and are not published as a specific trade recommendation. The information herein is not a recommendation to trade nor investment research or an offer to buy or sell any derivative or security. It does not take into account your particular investment objectives, financial situation or needs and does not create a binding obligation on any of the StoneX group of companies to enter into any transaction with you. You are advised to perform an independent investigation of any transaction to determine whether any transaction is suitable for you. No part of this material may be copied, photocopied or duplicated in any form by any means or redistributed without the prior written consent of StoneX Group Inc.


The report/analysis herein is not directed to, or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity who is a citizen or resident of or located in any locality, state, country or other jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to law or regulation.


© 2026 StoneX Group Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Satellite view of Earth at night showing illuminated cities across Asia and the Middle East

Discover more insights

Our subscribers have access to comprehensive market analysis from StoneX spanning commodities, equities, currencies and more.

StoneX: We open markets

Our market expertise, advanced platforms, global reach, culture of full transparency and commitment to our clients’ success all set us apart in the financial marketplace.

Reach

With access to 40+ derivatives exchanges, 180+ foreign exchange markets, nearly every global securities marketplace and numerous bi-lateral liquidity venues, StoneX’s digital network and deep relationships can take clients anywhere they want to go.

Transparency

As a publicly traded company meeting the highest standards of regulatory compliance in the markets we serve, our financials and record of accomplishment are matters of public record. StoneX’s commitment to “doing the right thing over the easy thing” sets us apart in the industry and helps us build respect, client trust and new partnerships.

Expertise

From our proprietary Market Intelligence platform, to “boots on the ground” expertise from award-winning traders and professionals, we connect our clients directly to actionable insights they can use to make more informed decisions and achieve their goals in the global markets.