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Ipea, Conab and Cepea Point to Slowdown in Prices of Coffee, Other Major Brazilian Agricultural Products

By: Alexis Rubinstein, Managing Editor - Coffee Network

 
Alexis Rubinstein
Managing Editor

CoffeeNetwork (New York) - Prices for major agricultural products point to a slowdown over the third quarter of this year. This is what data shows from the report, Agricultural Prices and Markets, released by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea) in partnership with the National Supply Company (Conab) and the Center for Advanced Studies in Applied Economics (Cepea/Esalq/USP). The analysis is the result of the monitoring of domestic and international prices, in addition to the balance of supply and demand of the main Brazilian agricultural products related to the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 harvests.

According to the document, some factors are contributing to the recent fall in prices in the sector, which have been on a high trajectory since 2020 – intensified with the conflict in Eastern Europe. Among them, the expectation of increasing the supply of various products stands out. Brazil, which is an important player in the international market, will contribute to the next harvest (2022/2023) with expected growth of 22.3% in soybean, 5.3% in bran and 5.3% in oil compared to the previous harvest - corn (12.0%), cotton (16.7%) and coffee (5.6%).

In addition to offering the products on the market, ipea's associate researcher and one of the publication's coordinators, Ana Cecília Kreter points out that international prices impact the domestic price because Brazil exports most of these commodities. "As the country is competitive and one of the main players in the international market for most agricultural commodities, increased international demand implies increased shipments, see China," he said. In fact,

The energy crisis has also contributed to the rise in production costs at different stages of the chain, since energy is one of the items of inflation calculation. According to José Ronaldo Souza Júnior, coordinator of Economic Growth and Development at Ipea, "the combination of rising costs with inflation in general has helped in the slowdown in global consumption and may further impact food consumption in the coming months." In the European Union, which is Brazil's second largest importer of agricultural commodities, energy supply was even more severe. As of February this year, 37.5% of the gas consumed in Europe came from Russia and since then the bloc has been seeking alternatives to Russian gas.

The Cepea/Esalq indicator for the price of arabica coffee fell throughout the third quarter of 2022, influenced by the favorable climate for Brazilian crops and the drop in international demand. In Brazil, the more consistent rains in most coffee producing regions, since the end of September, helped in the initial development of the crop. Outside the country, the economic slowdown in the United States United States and in Europe and the consequent expectation of a reduction in the consumption of the drink reinforced the movement of devaluation of the price of coffee in Brazil in the period. With the continuation of price declines in October, the Indicator closed below R$ 1 thousand per 60 kg bag at the end of last month, a level not seen since August 2021, in nominal terms.

The latest survey for the 2022 harvest, released by Conab, estimates a production of 50.380 million bags of processed coffee (arabica and conilon), which represents an increase of 5.6% compared to the harvest 2021. This increase is due to a slight expansion of 1.7% in the area under production and better yields achieved, especially, by conilon coffee. The meteorological conditions recorded between May and September 2021 were decisive for the lower-than-expected increase in relation to the 2021 harvest. However, in comparison the 2020 harvest, a year of positive bienniality, like the current one, there was a reduction of 20.1% in the total produced. Minas Gerais, the largest producing state, expects 22.033 million bags of processed coffee, a drop of 0.5% in relation to the 2021 harvest.

After a significant rise in 2021, the international price of Arabica coffee in January 2022 reached stability on a downward trend. In October, the price of the commodity was 15.6% below the level at the beginning of the year and 1.7% less than October last year. The projection by the USDA for world production is recovering part of the global supply in the 2022-2023 harvest, in part due to positive expectations for Brazil, which will have a positive biennial year. An increase of 0.7% in global supply is projected and 2.8% in Brazilian exports – the adverse weather events that have occurred recently in some areas of production in Brazil have not changed so far the projection of production for the next year. It is worth mentioning that the 2021-2022 harvest was especially impacted by the negative biennial of the Brazilian crop and by the frosts in the country, which affected the international coffee market, justifying the strong increase observed throughout the year, which registered a peak, but not the historical maximum.

Rains in Brazilian producing regions since September induced good flowering, and the expectation is for growth in production in the country – even in the face of hail in important areas of arabica in recent weeks, as in Minas Gerais. In general, expectations of greater supply in Brazil and lower global demand has already resulted in a drop in domestic and futures prices for arabica inNew York Stock Exchange (ICE Futures). On the other hand, the Regional Cooperative of Coffee Growers in Guaxupé (Cooxupe), the largest coffee cooperative in Brazil, pointed out that next year's crop will be as weak as 2022. If confirmed, this result will go against the market consensus, which expects 2023 to be an abundant harvest. Conab also signals the possibility of reversing the biennial arabica coffee – the most impacted by this cycle – and points out that climate adversities are the most preponderant factor in the adjustment of such results. As for international prices, the scenario is one of price stabilization with a downward trend.

Alexis Rubinstein

 

  • Coffee

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