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Australian Farmer Fertilizer Focus – Urea

By: Josh Linville, Vice President- Fertilizer

July '23 UREA
 
Josh Linville
Vice President - Fertilizer
 

 
major global urea export location price graphs
The intention of the below graphs are not to use to say "my price should be X based on this graph".  These prices are derived from an FOB price point average.  The intent is to show major global price movement trends.  Your values will likely have significant basis difference (similar to your local grain price being different than the traded market price).
This graph is labeled as MT in USD currency.
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What everyone wants to know first, what do we think will happen going forward
Global
Barring some unforeseen circumstance:
Global urea values should trade mostly rangebound moving forward
The world of urea is very near normal once again.  Chinese exports are returning.  Most production is back online.  There is no need for major demand waves out of season.  This doesn't mean there will not be peaks and valleys.  There will always be those.  However, it is hard to see a reason why values fall thru the floor or shoot thru the roof in the near term.

Australia

With much of the 1st half 2023 global urea price trend being lower which made it incredibly difficult/loss inducing to bring solid starting urea inventories, it currently feels extremely tightly supplied at many points around Australia.  It doesn't help that eastern global markets remain tightly supplied as well as Chinese exports and production issues have caused available "close by" supplies to be difficult to find and high priced.  As a result:

Australian values are likely to hold/push higher as demand continues to outpace in place supply

Unfortunately, this is forcing importers to secure tonnage from production regions further away.  Paying premium values to secure a loading slot and the longer distance combing for a higher cost import will not help short term.

Should you buy your 2024 urea needs today
This is that time of year where it is too late to really say anything about the 2023 season (everything that is in place will mostly do it for this year) and far too early to be securing tonnage for 2024 as the market is focused on finishing this year.
However, keep your eyes open for opportunities in 2024 as this year comes to a close.  Some of the best values (securing fertilizer/selling grains) can be found out of season.
general global urea information
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general Australian urea information
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What has happened in the last 30 days?
Chinese exports are picking up
You might be looking at the graph below and thinking "that doesn't look like a huge gain to me".  You are right, they are still well behind the 2019 - 2021 average.  
The promising thing is how it grew from April to May.  Again, it wasn't an enormous number of tons, but it was a gain that followed the governments actions to reduce export restrictions.
China is typically seen as one of the more important global exporters as they are seen either leaving the marketplace vastly oversupplied, or undersupplied.  Frankly, for a lot of global sellers, they can be seen as the boogeyman that they need to beat to make a sale.  When they were absent from the market, supplies were tighter and prices could go up without worry.  Now, with them returning, supplies are more plentiful, competition more fierce and hopefully for buyers, prices lower.
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India purchase was a huge surprise!
This was a surprise on all levels.
When they finally announced their decision to purchase urea, as they have done recently, they told how many tons they were looking to secure.  Most times, when India steps in, it is for 1+M tons.  So when they announced they were only looking for 800K, it was seen as disappointing.
Then, when offers were finally tallied, the bearish hits kept coming.  First, it was the volume offered.  Nearly 2.5M tons were offered in total.  2.5M tons offered against only 800K tons to be purchased.  Then, the lowest west and east coast values were heard and they were LOW!  
Personally, at this point, my thought process was that they could buy all the tons they wanted and may decide to purchase less to put more stress on the marketplace.  I could not have been more wrong as this is where it turned bullish.
Suddenly, higher priced offers started to push back.  India was heard renegotiating with all offers to no avail.  At the end of the process, they had only purchased just under 600K tons with all but 2 vessels going to the west coast.  Not only did they fall short, but the process left the urea market in a state of bullishness that had not been seen in a while.
How long this bullishness lasts remains to be seen but it was certainly a surprising turn of events.
Dutch TTF values appear to have found a floor which is bad news for offline nitrogen plants
As I have discussed at length in recent months, the Dutch TTF value goes a long way in determining whether remaining European offline nitrogen plants remain offline, or come back.
As the graph below shows, there has been a definitive negative price trend for most of the year.  At the beginning of June, prices bottomed out and was accompanied by 3 European based nitrogen production plants announcing restarts.  The hope was that more were going to follow and Europe would return to 100%.  However, the excitement has been short lived.
Since that time, values have rebounded slightly.  They are FAR from the values that had been seen, but remain too high for the remaining 25 - 30% plants that are still idled.
As the rest of the urea world has been returning to normal after a tough 2-year span, this remains one of the lone holdouts.  This remains tough for European farmers.
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Where are current values in relation to the past

NOLA/New Orleans, Louisiana 

Number 3 global importer in 2022

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Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -7% or approximately $23 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -1% or approximately $3 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago --27% or approximately $111 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago --40% or approximately $208 lower

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Middle East

Number 1 exporter (as a region, not as individual nations)

  • Vs 30 days ago - -2% or approximately $5 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - +1% or approximately $3 higher
  • Vs 6 months ago - -31% or approximately $135 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -49% or approximately $288 lower

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Egypt

Number 4 global exporter in 2022

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Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - +7% or approximately $23 higher
  • Vs 90 days ago - +4% or approximately $15 higher
  • Vs 6 months ago - -31% or approximately $158 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -53% or approximately $390 lower

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Black Sea

Number 1 global exporter in 2022

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Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - +3% or approximately $8 higher
  • Vs 90 days ago - +11% or approximately $28 higher
  • Vs 6 months ago - -31% or approximately $127 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -48% or approximately $263 lower

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China

Number 9 global exporter in 2022

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Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -8% or approximately $27 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -14% or approximately $47 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -31% or approximately $137 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -45% or approximately $247 lower

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Brazil

Number 2 global importer in 2022

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Price comparisons

  • Vs 30 days ago - -1% or approximately $3 lower
  • Vs 90 days ago - -4% or approximately $13 lower
  • Vs 6 months ago - -36% or approximately $170 lower
  • Vs 1 year ago - -54% or approximately $353 lower

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Bull/Bear Factors
Because no market is ever guaranteed to go higher/lower, we try to consider the factors that can sway values so that we are able to act when they occur rather than react.
Bullish Factors
  • Escalation of tensions between China/Russia vs rest free world - another stretch factor but looking at the world we live in, may as well throw everything at the wall and see what sticks.  China/Russia account for A LOT of urea exports.  If one or both countries were to start getting even more aggressive, it could cause steps to be taken that stop their exports.  A drastic step that would likely start including military conflicts but a step.  If either or both start being feared that they will be lost, watch out for the upside.
  • Could see a wave of nitrogen plant repairs this summer - this remains a stretch factor but I still think worthy of watching.  With prices down where they are and global plants have running flat out for a while now, we could see a lot of companies decide that this summer is an ideal time to shut the plant for those repairs.  If enough occur, it could tighten global supplies.
  • Aussie inventories are low, and it takes time for vessels to arrive - as most of the world has done, Australia has struggled to keep up with urea demand as world values fell, not wanting to take the price risk.  Now, just in time demand is meeting just in time inventories with that demand being forced to go "further away" to secure tonnage.  Higher vessel costs + rising global markets + tight current inventories = marketplace with upside
Bearish Factors
  • Chinese exports are returning - this had marked one of the last holdouts from the last couple years.  With Chinese exports showing signs of returning, it is another reason global prices can fall.  When markets start to normalize, prices tend to fall as that emotional fear dissipates.  This is a big step.
  • Grain prices are struggling - for a minute, it looked like grain prices were going to the moon!  Then a couple rains reminded the market that today's seed technology is eon's ahead of what it was 10 - 20 years ago.  It simply doesn't need as much rain as it did in the past.  Now, with values down, buyers are not going to be as quick to step in for fall or spring fertilizer needs.
  • World is returning to normal - as mentioned on the Chinese factor, as highly charged markets start to calm, that fear goes away.  As the fear goes away, the need for higher prices go away as well.  With China returning, the only holdout is remaining offline European plants which for the world of urea is not insanely big.  Things are finally calm again.
Where are the current urea/grain ratio values today

We believe that only looking at the flat price of either grains or fertilizer can be misleading:

  • Only selling grain can hurt you if fertilizer prices rise substantially
  • Only buying fertilizer can hurt you if grain prices fall

We look at the ratio "value" to get a better indication of where we are or how many bushels of X does it take to pay for 1 ton of fertilizer.

Would you rather:

  • Spend 135 bushels to pay for 1 ton of urea
  • Spend 55 bushels to pay for 1 ton of urea

When we compare the current ratio value against recent years, we start to see if we are high or low.

YOUR VALUES WILL LOOK DIFFERENT

This graph looks at the NOLA urea price vs the flat grain price. There are no logistics on either product. Your location will look different due to fertilizer logistical costs, grain basis, etc.

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Josh Linville’s focal points
  • Some of Europe remains offline, but not much - it was great to see a few plants restarting in Europe last month.  Wish the trend could have continued but it is what it is.  At the end of the day, only 25 - 30% of Europe remains offline.  This certainly keeps supplies a little tighter and demand a little higher but for the urea marketplace, it isn't hugely impactful. 
  • China returning - based on the data received thru May, Chinese exports are returning as expected.  They are historically seen as one of the larger(est) swing exporters in the world so their reentering the space is important.  The longer and bigger they are back, the more it will weigh on the urea marketplace.
All data was sourced from StoneX unless otherwise noted.

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