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Even China Appears Hesitant to Purchase from Russia

By: Harry Altham, Energy Analyst, Market Analysis EMEA & Asia

Even China Appears Hesitant to Purchase from Russia
 
Harry Altham
Energy Analyst, EMEA & Asia

Oil prices have ticked higher to start the week, as many Asia-based market participants remain offline for the Lunar New Year Holiday. The key discussion around the market centres around the potential impact of the Russian oil product ban due to be imposed on 5th February, which will starve Europe of its largest supplier of diesel. There is just cause for concern across the market, given the outsized role Russia plays in global middle distillate markets amid surging demand from China. However, much uncertainty remains as to the extent of any given price impact, as Europe has built out its middle distillate inventories by over 40% since August. This has been achieved amid unusually strong seasonal demand due to crises in natural gas, nuclear and hydropower sectors; the scale of the rebuild looks set to limit the impact of the systemic shock in early February. 

image 61454
Source: PJK, ICE, Bloomberg

ICE Gasoil has already begun to embed expected tightness, rising by nearly 18% from its recent low on 4th January to touch $1,000/Mt (for the first time since October). This is a more pronounced price swing than all of the most liquid physical middle distillate markers in that time, demonstrating an element of speculative betting ahead of the ban on Sunday week. Indeed, the ICE Gasoil net long rose by over 20% in this week’s Commitment of Traders Report – this being the largest w/w rise since the end of August. 

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CFTC, StoneX
The issue is being compounded by French refinery strikes. After action on Thursday that is thought to have had no impact, two more are planned in the next fortnight that are expected to affect refinery output; a two day strike beginning on 26th January and a three day strike from February 6th. There are also nationwide strikes on 31st January, although how this will lay into refinery operations is uncertain. More than 60% of France’s 1.4M bbd refining capacity went offline in October due to strikes over pay; these strikes are expected to be shorter but could result in as much as 600k bbl less diesel in the European market – punishing at a time where temperatures are expected to remain beneath five degrees Celsius across much of North and Central France.  

CHINESE EXPORTS SURGE
Chinese Government data showed a surge in oil product exports in December, which was to be expected as the Government increased production quotas by 15Mt in the autumn for independent refiners. Overall, December imports from all destinations rose by just 10K bbd m/m to a total of 10M bbd, however there was a 17% fall in imports from Russia amid logistics issues related to the oil price cap. The same month, China exported 520k bbd of gasoline, which was its joint highest quantity on record (October 2020) and 670k bbd of diesel (highest in over 18 months). The result of rising exports from China was a narrowing of Singapore gasoline’s deficit to EBOB from October to December – even moving into a $5.50/bbl surplus in mid-December. Now we are beginning to see unusual oil purchasing by China, with Uinpec purchasing around 9m bbl of Upper Zakum (Abu Dhabi) for March delivery. We believe this purchase will ease some of the pressure in Asian middle distillate markets vis-à-vis Europe, as the grade is seen as a like-for-like replacement of Russian ESPO; this is the grade whose exports have suffered most since the imposition of the price cap. 
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