major global urea export location price graphs
The intention of the below graphs are not to use to say "my price should be X based on this graph". These prices are indicated from an FOB price point average. The intent is to show major global price movement trends. I have opted to include US Gulf/NOLA in these graphs due sometimes on/sometimes off again export capability. Also to show N.A. values in relation to the rest of the world.
The first graph shows these prices reflected in metric ton. The second graph in short ton. Both are listed using USD as the currency.
What everyone wants to know first, what do we think will happen going forward
Let's all just assume I have absolutely no clue what I'm talking about when it comes to urea. I do ok with other fertilizers but I'm complete crap for urea!!!
It was a surprise to see urea values fall following the surprise 2nd India purchase tender where they locked up 1.4mmt of product. It seemed as though the market would hold flat at least with so many tons taken from the market. However, it seems the fear of a dead quiet December coupled with improving supplies globally proved to be too much. The result is that values started to drop, emotional trading kicked in and the floor was really cut.
Today, with urea being so cheap vs alternative N sources (UAN/NH3/etc.), something has to give. I believe that we will see UAN/NH3 values fall but also believe that urea will move higher to bridge the price gap. Between urea being "cheap" and Q1 world demand coming, it feels like higher prices are coming.
One of these days I'll be right!
Should you buy your spring '23 urea needs today
My POV is unchanged: I would start leaning more heavily into it
I would NOT be ok if you read that statement, went out, bought all of your yearly urea needs and then did nothing on grains. That still scares the crap out of me. If you are going to lock up your urea needs, consider selling a piece of grain to offset the purchase as a hedge.
However, with all the global demand coming, worth taking a real hard look at your needs for next year. Getting harder and harder to see a path where prices tumble.
North American farmers also need to be concerned with logistics. Yes, global values have been dropping hard. However, there is a lot of tons that need to be imported prior to spring. With river continuing to struggle and fears of rail slowdowns/stoppages growing, we need to be more concerned with whether we can get tons in place rather than can we import enough. Have those conversations with your supplier regardless of if you are locking in your price.
What has happened in the last 30 days?
Europe has started to restart!
Without diving too far into all the details (check out November or October for more details), European production continues to hold at the higher operating rates. After being largely written off when natural gas values skyrocketed to just over $100mmbtu equivalent, the market has been shocked with values falling back to the $30's - $40's.
Europe is still far from normal on production. After falling to 15 - 30% rates, we believe current rates are closer to 50 - 60%. Better than most believed possible, but still far from 100%.
In the end, Europe will need to be a bigger buyer of urea for a while which should help support global price ideas. With no end in sight regarding the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and no real hope of Nordstream pipeline resuming shipments, it is hard to see natural gas values falling to a level that turns all production on.
Dutch TTF (Europe natural gas) values remain one of the better urea price indicators
There has been a lot of discussion/speculation as to the best indicator of world urea values over the last several months. Some point to U.S. natural gas values. Some point to China export programs. Theories abound.
From our perspective, one of the best continues to be the Dutch TTF (as shown below). While the correlation is far from perfect, it remains one of the better ones out there.
This makes sense as European production is the focal point of the global urea market today. That will not always be the case, but it is today.
NOLA Urea is cheap vs alternatives
Just when we think the price difference cannot get any wider, the market goes and proves us wrong!
Current NOLA urea - $456 or approximately $0.50/lb of actual N
Current NOLA UAN - $535 or approximately $0.84/lb of actual N
Current Midwest NH3 - $1,295 or approximately $0.79/lb of actual N
Those values put the urea/UAN spread in NOLA at 34 cents. That is HUGE and there is still a lot of time between now and spring for farmers to consider a switch away from UAN and toward urea. However, on the other hand, there is still plenty of time for the markets to collapse this spread back to normal which would cause demand to normalize.
The same growing price spread has been seen between urea and NH3 values. As the chart below shows, it is only this year that the price spread has been this wide or wider. However, this shows the price spread vs fall NH3 values. We do not yet know spring NH3 values so that may help to narrow the gap...though we are not expecting anything huge in the way of a NH3 price decline.
I am not advocating that everyone needs to switch their UAN demand over to urea. However, I am saying that it is worth a look. Farmers (as you well know) have to consider the price difference in application of different forms, the cost of buying machinery to handle other forms, the fact that inland price spreads may look different than NOLA, as well as availability.
However, if it is possible to make the switch, a look should be made.
North America logistics in trouble
A common talking point this month are the troubles that U.S. river and rail systems are having and the effects that might occur on North American inland markets. Unfortunately, today both remain in trouble with little sign of easing.
For the rivers, low water flows continue to impede normal traffic flows. Fortunately, we have seen some timely rains across the Midwest which have helped to give a short term boost to flows and allow barge traffic to continue. Unfortunately, those surges are short lived and are far from healing. For that to happen, significant moisture in the north is needed this winter. Why is that a problem? Well, most of the moisture up north between now and spring comes as ice or snow. That moisture will not be largely seen in the south until next spring.
The river system (Coast Guard/dredging operations/boat crews) continue to make the best of a difficult situation. Barges ARE continuing to move but are less efficient. Barges must be loaded lighter and ships must take less barges per trip. This equates to less fertilizer (and other bulk goods) moving each day. Barge companies need to cover their cost so rates have increased significantly to offset the inefficiency. That cost eventually makes its way to you.
For rail, this is the drama that will not stop. Workers/rail lines continue to fight over terms on contracts with neither showing signs of giving in. To make matters worse, Washington D.C. voted to ban a strike. Some have seen this as a huge win as it will force workers to continue working. I see it as a negative because of the rail workers I know, they will not take that vote well. More likely that it will cause them to dig in their heels on negotiations and do slow downs/stops if forced to continue after the drop dead date.
All, there is no way for me to explain how bad it would be to lose rail. Not only for goods like fertilizer and grains, but for most of the things in our homes. Like the river situation, the end result is that everything will cost you more.
Even worse is the effect on Canadian farmers. Number 1, the rail situation has little to nothing to do with Canadian lines (please let me know if this is wrong). Number 2, with them being even further away from points like NOLA and being dependent on those flows, the price difference will be much greater.
India locks up 1.4mmt on their 2nd tender, but it isn't enough to buoy price ideas
Last month, I explained that India had secured 1.5mmt in the widely expected purchase tender and then shocked the world by announcing a 2nd tender of approximately 1mmt. That tender is now complete.
India ended up securing a shocking 1.4mmt. The reason this was a shock? Partly due to the fact that many anticipated that they would only secure 1mmt. Partly due to the fact that many did not believe that many tons were available. Around 2mmt were offered and quickly the market shook that info off by saying "most of the tons are probably offered a couple times, there are not that many tons available". When the tender closed with the news of 1.4mmt being secured, it was a surprise.
However, since then, prices have been falling. "If they locked up all the remaining tonnage thru the remainder of 2022 and Q1 demand is coming, why are prices falling?". There are a couple reasons that I see.
1. It didn't leave anything for demand in December. Fertilizer is a world that constantly needs something to happen. When the markets go quiet, prices tend to slide. India stepping forward so quickly meant that the world lose its biggest hope for December business.
2. Supplies are improving. Chinese exports, while still far from the cumulative year normal, have been improving recently. There is still fear that exports will be cut again but today, there are little to no signs of that happening. European production has improved which helps improve supply and cut demand.
We need to continue to watch for Q1 demand to step forward early with prices where they currently are. While many are likely holding back in hopes of prices falling further, all it will take is one or two buyers to step in. If that happens, others may rush forward and cause a bull run.
Russian government placing duties on fertilizer exports
This has been widely discussed recently, but firm action had not been seen...until this weekend.
The Russian government has imposed export duties on fertilizers. The duties do not go into effect until the value is over $450. Then, a 23.5% duty is put into place. An example:
If an exporter sells at $600 fob Russia, the duty rate will only apply to the $150 over $450. Not the entirety of $600.
While speculation continues, I believe it will have little affect on the markets and the cost will be pushed onto Russian producers/exporters. Unless the world urea market anticipates lower supplies as a result, prices will remain the same. Buyers of Russian product are not going to feel bad and pay the duty for the heck of it. They will force Russian tons to compete with world pricing. Basically, Putin is penalizing Russian companies to help pay for its invasion.
Keep in mind that this is just my interpretation of what will happen. There are those that would argue I am wrong and they may be. We will continue to watch and see what happens.