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IEA Outlook Paints Gloomy Picture for Global Economy

By: Harry Altham, Energy Analyst, Market Analysis EMEA & Asia

IEA Outlook Paints Gloomy Picture for Global Economy
 
Harry Altham
Energy Analyst, EMEA & Asia

The oil complex has made a choppy start to the day, having curbed three days of losses stemming from widespread concerns about the health of the global economy. The International Energy Agency has stated that the OPEC+ output cuts announced last week could push the world economy into recessionary territory, as a combination of high prices and weak macroeconomic conditions eat into oil demand. Similar to our assessment, the Paris-based agency does not believe OPEC+ output will fall by the full 2M bbd, which implicitly indicates that the cuts in quotas will not be shared on a pro rata basis; we are expecting Russia and Nigeria to be allocated proportionally larger shares of the cuts due to their respective circumstances causing them to struggle to meet current targets. Though this arguably takes some off the strength out of the complex’s recent tailwinds, the Dec/Jan spread remains above $1.50 in backwardation, which demonstrates a consensus that even a less severe 1M bbd output cut in November by OPEC+ will tighten oil markets considerably. 

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Source: S&P Global Platts
US Concerns about opec+'S IMPACT ON PRICE CAP
Meanwhile, the United States is increasingly concerned that the aforementioned OPEC+ cuts will undermine its ability to impose a price cap on Russian oil. Unnamed officials are concerned that Russia will find buyers of its oil without adhering to a price cap, and any shortfall could be used as an excuse to cut production further and cause significant economic pain to the United States and its allies. The OPEC+ cuts are viewed as giving Russia significantly more ability to maintain revenues, even in an environment where it would need to cut production. 
Before the war, Russia was the largest exporter of oil and products in the world – at 7.7M bbd. Though Europe is weaning itself off Russian oil, it is doing so slowly; Europe imported 2.6M bbd from Russia in September – a 390k bbd fall m/m, but still 1.5M bbd more needs to come from other sources as sanctions take effect (this figure includes both oil and products, the remainder is non sanctioned pipeline oil). We currently believe Russian oil production will fall by between 2M to 2.5M bbd from January 2022 levels (another 800k to 1.3M bbd), as we expect India, China and Turkey will continue to increase imports from Russia. We believe OPEC+ are taking this expected cut into account, and therefore believe the true effect on the global balance sheet will not be as severe as is currently being priced in the market. 

 

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Source: Bloomberg, StoneX
The Cut, The Forecast and The Implications
As seen in the week following the OPEC+ announcement, the quota cut sent a clear bullish signal to the market; Brent breached $98 for the first time since August – and this has caused the U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen to label the cuts ‘bad for the global economy’. Less mentioned in the mix is the continuing strength of the U.S. dollar, which is having a two-fold impact on the outlook. Firstly, its strength (Bloomberg USD spot index trading close to all-time highs reached in September) is causing a significant drain from other global currencies, giving rise to market turbulence in OECD countries such as Japan and the U.K. Consequently, import costs are rising, and dollar-denominated energy becomes more expensive in local terms. This is playing into the forecasts; oil demand is expected to contract by 340k bbd in Q4 2022 Y/Y, which would be the largest Q4 decline since 2008 (aside from pandemic-afflicted 2020). With increasing chatter that next week’s Communist Party Congress in China will see the continuation of the zero-COVID policy currently in place, the IEA’s 470k bbd downward revision of 2023 oil demand to 1.7M bbd total growth (Y/Y) could be revised down further in next month’s publication. 

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