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Perspective: Morning Commentary for March 30

By: Arlan Suderman, Chief Commodities Economist

March 30 – Stock futures came under pressure early overnight, before rallying back to trade in the green this morning. Initial selling came on concerns that the war is spreading in the Middle East, but the drop invited value buyers to take advantage of the price break. The VIX is trading near 30 this morning, reflecting elevated fear levels on Wall Street, while the dollar index trades near 100.3. Yields on 10-year Treasuries are trading near 4.36%, while yields on 2-year Treasuries are trading near 3.86%. Crude oil prices are trading near $101 per barrel this morning, while Brent is trading near $114. Soybean and soybean oil prices are higher on Friday’s supportive biofuel guidelines that were released, while corn and wheat prices come under pressure, led by Kansas City wheat on increased rain forecasts for dry areas of the Plains.

Waves of missiles continue to come Israel’s way from Iran, but the weekend headline story was about missiles coming toward Israel from Yemen, fired by Iran connected Houthis. Hezbollah, based in Lebanon, has been engaged in this battle from the start, which has had Israel targeting sites within Lebanon to strike at Hezbollah strategic targets. However, this is the first time that the Houthis have become engaged in this war. The Houthis created havoc in the Red Sea, causing expensive reroutes of shipping during the Israeli war in the Gaza Strip. That activity decreased dramatically when the United States started targeting the Houthis. The U.S. backed off when the Houthis quit targeting ships in the Red Sea. The fear is that Houthi involvement in the Iran war will result in a resurgence of attacks on Red Sea shipping, further cutting off trade passing through the region of both energy and other consumer products.

The United States continues to position more ground troops in the Middle East. It’s unclear yet whether these troops are being positioned for an invasion of Iran, or for merely using the threat of an invasion to provide leverage in negotiations with Iran. President Trump continues to talk well of the talks that Iran continues to deny exist, which again represents positioning by both sides. The truth is likely somewhere in the middle. President Trump also continues to set expectations that the war will be settled sooner rather than later. Trump appears to be ratcheting up pressure on Iran to get a peace deal sooner rather than later, but he’s also negotiating with a country known to promote suicide killings where they believe that they will be well rewarded for dying for the cause. It’s difficult to get a deal when the opponent believes they will be rewarded for dying for the cause.

The global increase in fuel prices emerging from the Iran war increases demand for biofuels. Argentina will allow ethanol blends up to 15% to ease high fuel prices, while also allowing biodiesel blends up to 20%. Indonesia indicates that it will proceed with its mandate to push biodiesel blending to 50% this year, utilizing its supplies of palm oil to do so. This comes on top of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s release of its final biofuel guidelines for 2026 and 2027 on Friday, which contained strong blending mandates as well. The EPA’s announcement finally provided clarity for the U.S. industry that it’s been lacking for much of the past couple of years. The final guidelines set the 2026 renewable diesel blending requirement at 8.86 billion RINs, with the 2027 mandate at 8.95 billion, including a 70% reallocation of previously granted small refinery exemptions. That translates into about 5.4 billion gallons of fuel production. Add in the reallocation of the SREs, and it rises to about 5.53 billion gallons, up from 3.35 billion in 2025. For 2027, we get a base RVO requirement of 5.7 billion gallons, which rises to about 5.86 billion gallons when the reallocated SREs are added back in. Imported feedstock get a full RIN of credit through 2027, but the EPA stated that it intends to go to a 100% credit in 2028. It will now immediately need to start work on the 2028 and 2029 RVO’s to meet its statutory requirement for its initial release at the end of this year.

The United Nations warns that we could face global food shortages as early as this summer as a product of Iran shutting down the Strait of Hormuz, through which a large portion of the world’s supply of energy and fertilizer products flow. That is a very real problem, but predicting mass global food shortages by this summer is a bit dramatic. Will tighter fertilizer supplies result in lower global production? Yes, that will likely happen, leading to tighter world supplies of food-based commodities. The poorest countries will suffer the most. But it’s important to understand that we still see global surpluses of most food-based commodities to ease the shortfall this year. Nonetheless, the headline of food shortages is increasingly common on Wall Street, gaining fund manager buy in, which impacts money flow. As such, it suggests that we could see more money flowing into the food-based commodities as long as the war continues to escalate in the Middle East. Near-term, those markets are focused on tomorrow’s USDA quarterly grain stocks report – known for its surprises – and its annual planting intentions survey results that will be released at Noon Eastern Time.    

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